HYKSOS EXPULSION COMMENTS (EXODUS DECODED)
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- Venice saysI think Yoram makes a good point. What I would like to know is, which God did the Hyksos worship? I also read somewhere that the great pyramid in Egypt was built by the Hyksos as an alter to YHWH. I have been reading lately about biblical characters originally being Egyptian, if there is any truth in this, then this is where it may have originated from. After all Moses did rule in Egypt and so did Joseph, it’s a very interesting discussion.
- Venice saysI just thought you might find this interesting.“The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt” by Shaw and Nicholson, British Museum Press, 1995HYKSOS CHRONOLOGYCA 1860-1430 BCEca1860
First wave of Hyksos (Israelites) enter country
ca1765
Joseph is made Grand Vizier
Second wave of Hyksos (Israelites)
Title to all land acquired by Pharaoh
People BECOME
slaves
20% tax on all produce imposed
Best land allotted to Hyksos (Israelites)
ca1684
Hyksos (Babylonians) invasion
Set up headquarters at Avaris
Retain Hyksos (Israelites) administration
ca1536
Egyptians revolt
Hyksos (Babylonian) army driven out
Hyksos (Israelites) made slaves
ca1430
Hyksos (Israelites) flee the country - archeological saysWhy would a ruling or elite nation falsify a history with themselves de-glorified as slaves?
And why would The Egyptians record a slave nation as rulers/elites?Maybe the second question could be answered, but the first seems more difficult. Maybe recording slaves as powerful would lessen the embarrassment of a defeat or loss of a slave population.Maybe even the first question could be made to agree with the Bible if it was referring to the beginning of Israelite settlement, as the first Pharoah is described as honoring them. - Mervyn saysWhen Moses and the Israelites left Egypt (The Exodus) they were travelling roughly eastwards. The were attacked by the Amalekites (Arab tribal group) travelling westwards towards Egypt. They were Arabs from Arabia and were the the Amalekites called Amu by the Egyptians but later called Hyksos by the Greeks. They were able to enter mighty Egypt and take over simply because Egypt had just been laid waste by the Ten Plagues – the same disasters which allowed the Israelites to flee Egypt. Dr Velikovsky has explained all this 50 years ago in his BOOK “Ages in Chaos” . Ahmose was “the Egyptian Prince” who was an ally of King Saul when he besieged Avaris (el-Arish). As a result, Egypt and Israel were allies for a very long period. The Philistines were foreign to the area and were allied to the Amalekites and lasted longer before being finally defeated by King David and being absorbed into the Israelite people. The Hebrew period of “Judges” was the same period that the Hyksos ruled Egypt.. Queen (Sheba) Hatshepsut was a contemporary of King Solomon who visited the “Wise King of Punt” (Holy Land) and became his lover and whose son became Regent of the Egyptian province of Ethiopia and that dynasty lasted until well into our own lifetime. That dynasty bore the title of Lion of Judah even though they became Christians. If you get the dates all correct then you will have various histories co-ordinated and synchronised with the Hebrew Bible.Mervyn Kersh
- Stephen Ray saysIF the Hyksos were “Shepherd Kings” and the Egyptian memory of them being traumatic, perhaps this is the source of the mistrust that the Egyptians had for the Hebrews under Jacob that Joseph seemed to mention when the Egyptians ate seperately from the Hebrews.
- Richard saysI think things are very clear Abraham left Babylonia because of his discrepancies regarding idol worship with King Nimrod because he was a Noahide that followed the seven laws given by God to Noah after the deluge. He left with Eliezer the Babylonian King son with could be interpreted as a support of the King to Abraham because nothing happened in Babylonia unless approved by the King that was very powerful, Then he goes to Canaan current Palestine and descends to Egypt for food telling the Pharaoh that Sarah was his sister after discovering the truth he asks Abraham to leave the country and gives him Aghar his daughter as his maid servant, having a son with her Ishmael. So the two most powerful Kings of the world gave him his son and daughter respectfully that could mean that they supported him in his mission of spreading the seven laws of Noah in all the region. The Amalekites descended directly from Amalek the son of Timna that was rejected by Jacob and that had to marry her father where the hate against the tribes of Jacob began and then when they left Egypt under the leadership of Moses that was a Pharaoh probably Aknaton that changed the Egyptian religion from polytheism to monotheism was ambushed by them.
- Bruce saysI am happy to see others citing Velkovsky, as his research of other civilizations from around the world, proves that a major cosmic disaster happened circa 1495 BCE. This is the date of the Exodus, when the Israelites left Egypt, as can be calculated by working back from 587/6 BCE – the known date of the Babylonian conquest of Judah.
As previous posters have said, this disaster allowed the Hyskos [Amalekites] to take over Egypt.
It was King Saul who defeated the Amalekites, much later. 1 Samuel 14:48 - Eve saysI place Joseph BECOMING vizir under Ahmose I after he ousted the Hyksos (which means “foreign rulers”). I think the Hyksos were miners originally from Byblos, who desired home cooking and so they became shepherds. Since the southern Egyptians were oppressed by these shepherd kings, they hated shepherds. Joseph made a point of this to his brothers when they arrived.“31And Joseph said to his brothers, and to his father’s house, I will go up, and show Pharaoh, and say to him, My brothers, and my father’s house, which were in the land of Canaan, are come to me; 32And the men are shepherds, for their trade has been to feed cattle; and they have brought their flocks, and their herds, and all that they have. 33And it shall come to pass, when Pharaoh shall call you, and shall say, What is your occupation? 34That you shall say, Your servants’ trade has been about cattle from our youth even until now, both we, and also our fathers: that you may dwell in the land of Goshen; for every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians.” (Genesis 46:31-34)Also, Tell el-Daba (Avaris) has dozens of large temporary silos after the conquest of Ahmose I.
I place Rameses I as the pharaoh of the exodus. - Kurt saysAs The Encyclopedia Americana (1956, Vol. 14, p. 595) says: “The only detailed account of them [the Hyksos] in any ancient writer is an unreliable passage of a lost work of Manetho, cited by Josephus in his rejoinder to Apion.” Statements attributed by Josephus to Manetho are the source of the name Hyksos. Interestingly, Josephus, claiming to quote Manetho verbatim, presents Manetho’s account as directly connecting the Hyksos with the Israelites. Josephus, it seems, accepts this connection but argues vehemently against many of the details of the account. He seems to prefer the rendering of Hyksos as “captive shepherds” rather than “king-shepherds.” Manetho, according to Josephus, presents the Hyksos as conquering Egypt without a battle, destroying cities and “the temples of the gods,” and causing slaughter and havoc. They are represented as settling in the Delta region. Finally the Egyptians are said to have risen up, fought a long and terrible war, with 480,000 men, besieged the Hyksos at their chief city, Avaris, and then, strangely, reached an agreement allowing them to leave the country unharmed with their families and possessions, whereupon they went to Judea and built Jerusalem.—Against Apion, I, 73-105 (14-16); 223-232 (25, 26).
http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200001265#h=55:0-55:1255
http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/s/r1/lp-e?q=Hyksos&p=par - Adam saysTwo key pieces of information in the Bible serve as clues pointing to the identity of the Hyksos with the Amalekites. One is the finding of an Egyptian, servant to an Amalekite, in 1 Samuel 15. What is an Egyptian, son of the powerful nation of Egypt, doing as a servant to an Amalekite, of a relatively weak nation? But this would make sense if the Amalekites were the Hyksos who ruled Egypt, for then it would have been normal for Amalekites to have Egyptian servants. Velikovsky discussed this in his 1952 ‘Ages in Chaos’. Second is David’s conversation with a young man who identifies himself as the son of a stranger [foreigner or alien], an Amalekite (2 Samuel 1:14). This young man does not need to call himself a foreigner; it is obvious that he is a foreigner if he is an Amalekite. However, the Hyksos were known as Foreign Rulers or Rulers of Foreign Lands. His identifying himself as a foreigner may have been a way of saying that he is one of the Hyksos. These two clues point to the need for a revised chronology in which Hyksos rule in Egypt is down-dated to roughly the late second millenium BC.
- Del saysJerusalem was a city with a thousand year history when the Jews conquered it. It is stupid to of them to be cited as ‘founding’ Jerusalem.
- GradStu saysUh…after reading the article, this has all the hallmarks of ‘scientistic’ archaeology. In Maksoud’s publications he briefly mentions that there is some occupation of the site during the 2nd Int. Period but he did not note that there was intense burning at the site. All the structures referred to date to the reign of Thutmose III and the 19th Dynasty. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus only that a ruler had taken Tjaru (‘that king from the North entered it’) which has led many to date this to the reign of Apophis in the Delta – it is possible that the Thebans did attack the site but the archaeological evidence for this is not clear in publications of Tell Heboua so far…
- Gertoux saysAccording to the article entitled: Dating the war of the Hyksos https://www.academia.edu/2414447
The three Hyksos dynasties (XIV, XV, XVI) ruled Egypt approximately from 1750 to 1530 BCE and then disappear abruptly after the death of Pharaoh Seqenenre Taa. One can notice that Egyptian documents unanimously describe the departure of the Hyksos from Egypt to Palestine in a disaster. Modern Egyptologists pictured a ‘war of the Hyksos’, however no document speaks of war but only that Avaris, Hyksos’ capital, was looted and vandalized after their departure. Moreover all accounts of former historians picture the Hyksos as the ancestors of the Hebrews, led into Palestine under the leadership of Moses. In addition both biblical and Egyptian chronologies date the Hyksos departure in 1533 BCE, which implies the coincidence of these two dramatic events. The only way to date the so-called “Hyksos’ war” is: gathering all historical and archaeological documents about the Hyksos, establishing a relative chronology of the “Hyksos’ war”, identifying who was Apopi and his links with the biblical Moses, determining from where came the Hyksos and where did they go, dating the Hyksos war according to the Egyptian chronology through synchronisms dated by astronomy and dating the Exodus according to the Israelite chronology (based on masoretical text) checked by absolute dates.
According to Egyptian accounts the last king of the XVth dynasty, named Apopi, “very pretty” in Hebrew that is Moses’ birth name (Exodus 2:2), reigned 40 years in Egypt from 1613 to 1573 BCE. 40 years later Apopi met Seqenenre Taa the last pharaoh of the XVIIth dynasty and gave him an unspecified disturbing message. The eldest son of Seqenenre Taa, Ahmose Sapaïr, who was crown prince died in a dramatic and unexplained way shortly before his father. Seqenenre Taa died in May 1533 BCE, after 11 years of reign, in dramatic and unclear circumstances. The state of his mummy proves, however, that his body received severe injuries and remained abandoned for several days before being mummified (see Psalms 136:15). Prince Kamose, Seqenenre Taa’s brother, assured interim of authority for 3 years and threatened attack the former pharaoh Apopi, new prince of Retenu (Palestine). In the stele of the Tempest he also blames Apopi for all the disasters that come to fall upon Egypt which caused many deaths. - lars saysThe identification of the Hyksos with the Israelites, seems fairly obvious.The chronology, arrival in Egypt after 2000 BC, about 400 years, then the exodus/expulsion (depending on ones point of view) circa 1500 BC, agrees with the 400 years in Egypt, and the 480 years from the Exodus to the building of Solomon’s temple.The theory that the Hyksos were Amalekites is more or less insane because by all accounts the Hyksos period ended shortly before the Exodus. That apocryphal Amalekite-Hyksos rule must have occured during the time of Joshua and the Judges, and there is exactly no evidence for anything like it, that time period was the New Kingdom, and the resurgent Egyptian rule under the 18th and 19th dynasties.On could suppose that the Hyksos were Amalekites if they came around the time or after Joseph, but they are in stiff competition with other cantidates, like the Hurrians, Kassites, Hittites, Amorites, Philistines, etc that are advanced by different groups depending on their philosophy.The theory that the amalekites were descended from Esau is Rabbinical nonsense. It is not in the Bible it is read into the Bible.they were in genesis 14 at the time of abraham, so how can they be descended from his great great grandson?Esau’s grandson was named after the Amalekites. Not vice versa.lars persona
- Varghese saysHi Lars:Bible does say that Amalek descended from Esau. Here is the quote for you.“Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau’s son; and she bare to Eliphaz Amalek: these are the sons of Adah, Esau’s wife.” — Genesis 36:12I have to say that it appears to me that people who support “Amalek=Hyksos” theory are much more bible literate, able to think for them selves and less anti-Semitic.
- Varghese saysThe name Moses given to him by a non-Jewish woman is probably a Semitic word but then how on earth was a Semitic the language spoken in the pharaoh’s household? Did the Amalekites/Hyksos seize power in Egypt even before what Dr. Velikovsky calculates?
- lars saysDear Varghese
well the web is crawling with Israeli paid and funded Hasbara who spend all their time on the internet advancing rabbinical incoherent ranting
Moses is like Tuthmoses, Ahmoses, Kamoses, or Ra-Moses( Rameses), which means ‘Ra is born’.
You missed my point so I will make it again, The Amalekites are mentioned in genesis 14 which discusses the battle of four kings, at the time of Abraham and Lot, and so Esau’s grandson would have been Abraham’s great great grandson, so how could the Amalekites be descended from Esau? It is moribund stupidity.
The Hyksos were defeated circa 1550 BC, the Exodus occurred about a century after. The mythical Amalekite ocupation of rabbinical writings has zero documentation outside of late rabbinical speculaions, which pay no attention to chronology
The Amalekites in Samuel were portrayed as living about the Negev. Trying to say that they were in Egypt post 1500 BC is pure speculation. The Talmudical myths ignore the chronology of the Bible.
The Rabbinical tradition of Amalek is a deeply racist one, ill founded and clearly advanced by Jewish race supremacists/Zionists who want an excuse to treat Gentiles as sub-humans.
There is no connection to Haman from the BOOK of Esther. All the earliest copies of Esther say Haman was a Bugaen not an Agagite. The idea of separate races was invented by the Gnostic Basiledes in the second century AD. The idea in the Rabbinical writings that Gentiles are ‘animal people’, is from Greek Paganism, not Judaism.You have not listened to the voice of the Prophets, Jesus said
“The measure you give is the measure you will get!”
So the first will be last and the LAST WILL be first.God blessed Abraham in order to bless the Gentiles, he did not have genocide, extortion, slavery, usury, prostitution, DRUG ADDICTION, pedophilia, organ-harvesting of innocents in mind at all.
What do you think Jesus meant when he said, ‘The Temple was meant for a house of prayer for all nations, but you have made it a den of robbers’
The Bible says that all men are brothers, and with your evil inventions you try to distort the word of God to serve your utter wickedness. - sara saysI just wanted to say — HAYQ/HAYK was another name of Armenian Kingdom (greek) they called them HYQSOS because they were from HAYQ/HAYK (Armenia). Today Armenians call each other HAY in honor of HAYK/HAYQ Father of Armenians.
- mark saysThe Hyksos (Hebrews) were both rules and slaves.There were rulers such as Joseph and Moses in Egypt.
There were also slaves. - Avram saysThe Hyksos in studies today show they were and or related to the ancient Armenians and this is where the Hebrew race originated, in the Armenian Highlands.
- Beaver saysThe Exodus story was written almost 1,000 years after it happened. Slavery in Egypt was a byproduct of not having a prison system to house criminals and POWs. The pyramids were built more than a thousand years before the hyksos invasion. This is my theory.The semites in that picture were arrested for aiding foreign invaders. They were enslaved for a period to work in the mines. They revolted and left. They later founded the Abrahamic faith but they were illiterate so they didn’t write anything down. They just told the story and over the years the story changed. By the time they wrote the stuff down they propagandized themselves as slaves who built the pyramids and were liberated by god through while a series of real plagues and turmoil distracted the Egyptians long enough and well enough to help them escape.
Continuing the Discussion
- Severed Hands: Trophies of War in New Kingdom Egypt - Creation RevolutionCreation Revolutionlinked to this post on February 28, 2014[...] conducted in a Hyksos palace at Tell el-Daba (ancient Avaris) in Egypt have for the first time provided archaeological [...]
- Severed Hands: Trophies of War in New Kingdom Egypt | newsantiques.com linked to this post on March 1, 2014[...] conducted in a Hyksos palace during Tell el-Daba (ancient Avaris) in Egypt have for a initial time supposing [...]
Glitter Text Maker
When the Israelites were leaving Egypt under Mosesand were heading south-east., they were attacked by the Hyksos who were heading west from Arabia.
Since the total destruction of the Pharaoh and his army at the Reed sea, the Hyksos were able to enter a chaotic Egypt and seize control of what was left after the ten previous disasters known as the 10 Plagues probably caused by the terrific eruption of the island of Thera (Santorini).
That was about 1550 BCE.
The much later destruction of the Hyksos by Ahmose was made possible by the alliance with King Saul of the Israelites whp provided that ” help from a foreign prince” mentioned by Ahmose. The Hebrew Bible gives a detailed account of that great battle which changed the face of the region, leaving only the Philistines left of the Hyksos-Philistine axis.
The following 18th Dynasty of Egypt was very friendly to Israel ending with the death of the “queen of Sheba”, Hatshepsut in King Solomon’s time.
Interesting. I note that with the Hyksos Exodus, we have a goup of people who were:
They wore earrings and curly sidelocks of hair.
They were circumcised.
There was darkness and storms for three days (see the Tempest Stele)
There was an ashfall, with the air thick enough to kill people (eruption of Thera)
There was a battle (a civil war) with the Egyptians.
Tribute of gold, cloth and oil was given to make the shepherds leave (see the Tempest Stele)
They left from Pi Rammase (same as Avaris)
Some 500,000 of the Hyksos shepherds went on the Exodus.
There was a tsunami (eruption of Thera).
They went to Jerusalem (see Manetho)
That is civilization.
That is the slavery that the Bible describes.
That is the mode of social organization that the Bible’s legal structure years to overturn.